*Cinková I, Policht R (2014) Contact Calls of the Northern and Southern White Rhinoceros Allow for Individual and Species Identification. ![]() Learn more about White rhinos and how we are working to protect them. Territories are not strictly enforced and generally a short grunting. Because female southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) reproduce poorly in captivity, we compared fecal corticosterone metabolite concentrations among parous, nulliparous, and adolescent females and examined social and physical aspects of the captive. The circle also allows them to physically protect the youngest animals in the middle.Īll rhino species make unique vocalizations but with the most developed social system, it makes sense that white rhinos also have the largest range of vocalizations- if you’re going to live in a big group, you’re going to need a good communication system! Research has found differences between the Northern and Southern subspecies’ vocalizations as well as individuals’ calls.* This suggests that over long-distances, white rhinos can tell each other apart by their calls– even if they don’t recognize the call, they may be able to tell the sex, age, and social status of the animal they hear! The Indian rhino is usually solitary except for females with young. Prolonged or frequent secretion of adrenal glucocorticoids in response to aversive stimuli can negatively impact reproduction. In the photo above, you see a common position for a group of animals when they’re on alert- they stand in a circle so that they’re all facing a different direction and can have a 360 degree view of their surroundings. White rhinos act more like herd animals- using a “ safety in numbers” approach to survival. While not unusual to see a lone white rhino male or a single female and calf, they are the most gregarious of the 5 rhino species and can often be seen in groups of up to 15. When rhino poo in the same place as other rhinos an area known as a latrine they can smell the poo and. The match between researcher/keeper datasets was lowest when visitor numbers were high, suggesting visitors might affect keeper ability to accurately record behavior.Īctivity budget dataset comparison drive-through enclosure visitor effects.This group of white rhinos are on alert standing in a tight circle, ears up, each facing a different direction.īesides mating and raising calves, most rhinos are solitary animals with limited tolerance for others- the exception being the White rhino. Rhinos also communicate through their poo and urine. ![]() Sexual Maturity: females reach sexual maturity at around 6. The number of visitor vehicles had a fairly negligible effect but resting was lower on busy days, possibly as vigilance increased. Social behaviour and breeding Sociability: White rhinos are sedentary, semi-social and territorial. Weather and temperature affected behavior, with rhino becoming more sedentary (-locomotion, grazing +resting, standing, and sedentary eating of hay) on hot/sunny days compared to cool/wet days. standing with head-down): recording of other behaviors matched well. Keywords: White rhinoceros Reproduction Androgen Fecal steroids Seasonal Social behavior Enzyme immunoassay Free-ranging Mating Introduction The breeding success of the white rhinoceros in. There was some discrepancy in activity budgets between researcher and keeper data due to significant differences in recorded frequency of two rare behaviors (horn rub social interaction) and two behaviors that could be easily confused (grazing vs. ![]() White rhinos are calmer and more placid, probably. Activity budgets were similar to the wild and the single previous study from a traditional (nondrive-through) enclosure. Behavior-wise, black rhinos have a reputation for being more aggressive and territorial than white rhinos. The white rhinoceros, white rhino or square-lipped rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) is the largest extant species of rhinoceros. We aimed to: (1) quantify behavior using detailed researcher-collected data and contemporaneous but ad hoc keeper-collected data (2) compare datasets statistically (3) establish effects of visitors, temperature, and weather on behavior and (4) assess the influence of visitors on similarity of researcher/keeper datasets. Data were collected by researchers (n = 12,160 datapoints) and keepers (n = 2341 datapoints) over a 4-month period. Here we analyze 14,501 observations of rhino in a drive-through enclosure. ![]() Moreover, little information exists on possible effects of weather and temperature on rhino outside their native range. Although white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) are common in captivity, few behavioral studies have been conducted and there is seemingly no research for immersive exhibits where potential for visitor effects is high.
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